Quick answer
What is common cold?
The common cold is a mild viral infection of the nose and throat. It usually causes a blocked or runny nose, sneezing, a sore throat and a cough. Most colds clear up by themselves within a week or two, and rest and fluids are the main treatment.
What is the common cold?
The common cold is a mild infection of the upper airways — the nose and throat — caused by viruses. It is very common, especially in winter, and most people recover fully without needing to see a doctor.
Symptoms
Cold symptoms usually develop gradually over a day or two and can include:
- a blocked or runny nose
- sneezing
- a sore throat
- a cough
- a raised temperature, headache or aches
Symptoms are often at their worst in the first few days and then improve.
How it spreads
Colds spread easily through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and by touching contaminated surfaces. Washing your hands regularly, using tissues and avoiding close contact when unwell all help reduce the spread.
How to treat a cold
There is no cure for a cold, and it will usually clear up on its own. To feel better in the meantime: rest, drink plenty of fluids, and keep warm. A pharmacist can recommend remedies to ease specific symptoms, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen for aches and a high temperature, or decongestants for a blocked nose.
Antibiotics are not used for colds because they do not work against viruses.
Helping yourself recover
Most people simply need time. Looking after yourself — sleep, fluids and gentle care — gives your body the best chance to recover. If you are not improving as expected, or you are worried, it is always reasonable to seek advice.
Common questions
- Will antibiotics help a cold?
- No. Colds are caused by viruses, and antibiotics only work against bacteria. Taking antibiotics when they are not needed can cause side effects and contributes to antibiotic resistance.
- How long does a cold last?
- Most colds clear up within one to two weeks. A cough can sometimes linger for a few weeks after other symptoms have gone, which is usually nothing to worry about if you are otherwise improving.
- How can I ease cold symptoms?
- Rest, drink plenty of fluids and keep warm. A pharmacist can suggest remedies such as decongestants or paracetamol to ease aches and a high temperature. Many people also find steam inhalation or a warm honey and lemon drink soothing.
- Is it a cold or flu?
- Colds tend to come on gradually and mainly affect the nose and throat. Flu usually comes on quickly and makes you feel exhausted, with a high temperature, aches and chills. If you feel very unwell with flu-like symptoms, seek advice.