What are ovarian cysts?

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac on an ovary. Most are harmless, cause no symptoms and disappear within a few months. Sudden severe pelvic pain, especially with nausea, vomiting, dizziness or fainting, needs urgent assessment because a cyst can twist or rupture.

Do ovarian cysts always need treatment?

No. Many disappear naturally and can be monitored with repeat ultrasound when appropriate.

Can an ovarian cyst be cancer?

Most are benign. Risk is higher after menopause and with certain ultrasound features, so follow-up recommendations matter.

Can cysts affect fertility?

Most do not. Some underlying conditions, such as endometriosis or PCOS, can affect fertility.

Ovarian cysts: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

Possible symptoms

Symptoms can include pelvic pain, bloating, feeling full quickly, pain during sex, needing to pee more often and changes to periods.

Tests and monitoring

Ultrasound is the main test. A clinician may also arrange blood tests, particularly after menopause or when the scan is not clearly benign.

Treatment

Observation is common. Surgery may be offered for cysts that are large, persistent, symptomatic or concerning, aiming to preserve the ovary where possible.

Common questions about ovarian cysts

Do ovarian cysts always need treatment?: No. Many disappear naturally and can be monitored with repeat ultrasound when appropriate.
Can an ovarian cyst be cancer?: Most are benign. Risk is higher after menopause and with certain ultrasound features, so follow-up recommendations matter.
Can cysts affect fertility?: Most do not. Some underlying conditions, such as endometriosis or PCOS, can affect fertility.

Sources

NHS — Ovarian cyst

How we reviewed this page

Medically reviewed by the HealthAnswers UK doctor review panel

First published: 1 August 2026
Medically reviewed: 1 August 2026
Next review due: 1 August 2029 or sooner if NHS or NICE guidance changes

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